Therefore, there has been increased interest in optimizing supplementation strategies for vitamin D in populations at risk for vitamin D insufficiency and chronic disease, such as the elderly, obese individuals, and chronic kidney disease. It has also been recognized that vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent, especially in industrialized countries. Recently, the known functions of vitamin D have grown to include roles in immune function, cardiovascular health, and cancer prevention. Vitamin D is an important nutrient well known for its role in promoting optimal intestinal absorption of calcium and proper mineralization of the skeleton. Future studies should examine bioavailability among different vehicle substances such as oil, lactose powder, and ethanol and examine if there are any differences in bioavailability among different patient populations including those with fat malabsorption. There are limited studies that have compared the influence of the vehicle substance on vitamin D bioavailability. Vitamin D in an oil vehicle produced a greater 25(OH)D response than vitamin D in a powder or an ethanol vehicle in healthy subjects. We identified four clinical studies that compared two different vehicles of vitamin D. The change in mean serum 25(OH)D per average daily dose of vitamin D supplemented was calculated and compared among the studies. A comprehensive literature search identified studies that directly compared the absorption of vitamin D from two or more vehicles. The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of different vehicles on vitamin D bioavailability. It is not known if the vehicle substance that is combined with the vitamin D tablet influences the bioavailability of vitamin D. Vitamin supplements can be ingested to improve vitamin D status.

Vitamin D insufficiency is a common medical condition.

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